Conclusions
Macrophages respond to microgravity within 8 seconds.
Space flight makes bone marrow cells proliferate faster but it slows the rate at which bone marrow cells differentiate into macrophages.
Space flight increases the concentration of cytokines the macrophage cell line, B6MP102, secretes.
THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT MACROPHAGES ARE AFFECTED BY MICROGRAVITY AND SPACE FLIGHT.